The Image In The Mirror Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis,

The Image In The Mirror Thesis Statement: Anorexia Nervosa, a disturbing disease of denial, consisting of self -imposed starvation and the intense fear of gaining weight, is becoming an epidemic among many teenage girls due to the environment, biochemistry, and personality of the individual. I. The immediate environment, friends and family, directly influence the development of anorexia. A. Anorexics tend to come from families placing strong emphasis on food and the family may have used food for purposes other than nourishment such as a sign of love for the providers or used when family members face unpleasant situations. B. There is a greater risk of a person developing anorexia when a member of their family has had the disorder or when a parent is either very thin or obese. C. Overly critical brothers and fathers of the girls weight and attractiveness have a forceful impact on the development of anorexia. D. Special dietary needs of a family member, emphasis on nutrition, and power struggles over eating assist in the self-imposed starvation. E. Nutritional labeling on the foods and mothers stocking their refrigerators with low fat and no-fat foods may actually lead to eating problems. 1. The mothers eating habits greatly influence the daughters and it is recommended that the daughters favorite foods are in the house. 2. The mother should invite her daughter to the grocery store to choose some of her favorite fruits, vegetables, meats, and cereals. 3. Making this a routine can help provide a positive aspect on the importance of nutrition. F. It is important for family members to promote self-esteem in intellectual, athletic, and social endeavors. 1. The parents should examine their own attitudes toward weight to discover how they could be affecting the children. 2. Discussing the dangers of dieting, the value of moderate exercise, and the importance of eating a variety of foods can help minimize the chances of developing anorexia. II. Biochemistry also contributes to the development of anorexia. B. In the neuroendocrine system, a combination of the central nervous and the hormonal systems, there are seriously disturbed mechanisms in people with eating disorders. 1. The neuroendocrine system regulates sexual function, physical growth and development, appetite and digestion, kidney functions and emotions. 2. The common symptoms of anorexia directly relate to the disturbed mechanisms in the neuroendocrine system. 3. Common symptoms such as serious depression, bingeing and consuming large amounts of food and showing no noticeable weight gain, and loss of menstrual periods are directly associated with the disturbed neuroendocrine system that normally regulates these functions. B. There have been several chemicals found that can be directly related to symptoms of anorexia. 1. The neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine, key chemical messengers in the central nervous system, are significantly decreased in ill anorexic patients. 2. The decrease of the chemicals serotnin and norepinephrine cause severe depression, one symptom of anorexia. 3. Another brain chemical found to be abnormal in people with anorexia is the hormone vasopressin. 4. Vasopressin is what contributes to the obsessive-compulsive behavior of the patients. 5. There have also been higher than normal levels of cortisol found in anorexic patients, a brain hormone released in response to stress. 6. The high levels of cortisol are caused by a problem that occurs in or near the hypothalamus. 7. The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that regulates menstruation, eating, metabolism, body temperature and sleep. 8. It has not been established if anorexia causes the hypothalamus disturbance or if the hypothalamus directly influences the occurrence of anorexia. 9. By exploring the roles of chemicals played in the brain, the findings are making it possible to explain why and how this disease is occurring. III. Personality traits are a source of psychological symptoms of anorexia nervosa patients. A. Anorexics tend to have self-critical and obsessional personality traits. 1. They are known for their compliant behavior and attainment of good grades, and are often perfectionists. 2. There is often repugnance at sexual development. 3. Associated with the perfectionistic personality is an all-or-none kind of reasoning and the setting of unattainable goals. B. Family personality traits that encourage anorexia are enmeshment, rigidity, overprotectiveness and inability to resolve conflict within the family. 1. Thirty-six of 39 young female patients refer

Moral law vs. Civil law essays

Moral law vs. Civil law essays As long as there have been laws emplaced, many moral and civil boundaries have been of great dispute. Problems arise when the two unavoidable laws clash when what is morally right is not always legal. This battle is ancient and is even written about in Antigone. There are times when moral law is more important than civil law, civil law overrides moral law, and several ways that the correlate with each other. Regardless of any society, culture or environment a person is brought up in, all human beings are born with the instinct of a desire to do things that make them feel comfortable and right with themselves. Because of this instinct, Antigone found herself feeling that her brothers unrest was more troubling than the penalty of death enforced by her uncle. Antigones conscience was strong enough to overpower her common sense that death would follow as a direct result for her actions. Such actions can be witnessed to this day, in which Gods law is stronger in some peoples consciences than the instinct of self preservation. Antigones actions are a strong example of moral law. There are times, however, when civil law is of more importance than moral law. Although someone may feel strongly about what they see as morally right, or Gods will, there may be civil boundaries that prevent them from turning their opinions into violent acts. For example, many members of the group PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) have radical opinions on the treatment of animals, but even though they may feel that fur is not morally right, civil laws prevent them from throwing buckets of paint on people who are wearing fur in the streets. These laws are important because they protect people from getting hurt by others who are carrying out moral law. The two do not always work against each other, however. For example, the First Amendment is a law that allows people to ha...

Introduction to the JavaScript If Statement

Introduction to the JavaScript If Statement The JavaScript if statement performs an action based on a condition, a common scenario in all programming languages.The if statement tests a bit of data against a condition, and then specifies some code to be executed if the condition is true, like so: if condition {  Ã‚  Ã‚   execute this code} The if statement is almost always paired with the else statement because usually, you want to define an alternative bit of code to execute. Lets consider an example: if (Stephen name) {      message Welcome back Stephen;} else {      message Welcome name;} This code returns Welcome back Stephen if name is equal to Stephen; otherwise, it returns Welcome and then whatever value the variable name contains. A Shorter IF Statement JavaScript provides us with an alternative way of writing an if statement when both the true and false conditions  just assign different values to the same variable. This shorter way omits the keyword if as well as the braces around the blocks (which are optional for single statements). We also move the value that we are setting in both the true and false conditions to the front of our single statement and embed this new style of if statement into the statement itself.   Heres how this looks: variable (condition) ? true-value : false-value; So our if statement from above could be written all in one line as: message (Stephen name) ? Welcome back Stephen : Welcome name; As far as JavaScript is concerned, this one statement is identical to the longer code from above. The only difference is that writing the statement this way actually provides JavaScript with more information about what the if statement is doing. The code can run more efficiently than if we wrote it the longer and more readable way. This is also called a ternary operator. Assigning Multiple Values to a Single Variable This way of coding an if statement can help avoid verbose code, particularly in nested if statements. For example, consider this set of nested if/else statements: var answer;if (a b) {   if (a c) {      answer all are equal;   } else {      answer a and b are equal;   }} else {   if (a c) {      answer a and c are equal;   } else {      if (b c) {         answer b and c are equal;      } else {         answer all are different;      }   }} This code assigns one of five possible values to a single variable. Using this alternative notation, we can considerably shorten this into just one statement that incorporates all of the conditions: var answer (a b) ? ((a c) ? all are equal :a and b are equal) : (a c) ? a and c are equal : (b c) ?b and c are equal : all are different; Note that this notation can be used only when all the different conditions being tested are assigning different values to the same variable.

Solve a contemporary social and criminal justice issue Thesis

Solve a contemporary social and criminal justice issue - Thesis Example While this system has been designed to facilitate a more peaceful and non-violent society, there are challenges with criminal justice in providing rehabilitation for criminal offenders sustaining mental illness problems. There have been dramatic increases in the prevalence of mental illness among the prison population in the United States. In 1996, 25 percent of all individuals incarcerated in jails reported that they had sought treatment for a mental illness condition at some point in their lives, representative of approximately 127,000 jail inmates throughout the nation (Whitehead, Jones and Braswell, 2003). In the 1970s, there was a push to deinstitutionalize the mentally ill within psychiatric hospitals and, instead, to provide the mentally ill with community treatment programs. It was determined during this time period in history that such treatment programs would provide a superior public safety outcome, allow jails to operate more efficiently by removing challenges of rehabilitating mentally ill criminal offenders, and provide the mentally ill with more productive treatment methods that jails are unable to provide (Whitehead, et al.). However, this approach at deinstitutionalizing the mentally ill has not been effective. In 2002, it is estimated that a substantial 64 percent of all jailed inmates in the country suffered from a mental health issue (Whitehead, et al.). Community mental health services are designed to provide encouragement and treatment for people suffering from an array of mental disorders in a domiciliary environment rather than in psychiatric clinics. Such community mental health systems provide appropriate outpatient psychiatric services in an age where social perspectives on mental illness have transformed care from intensive psychotherapy to treatment ideology where the mentally ill have a positive place to live with encouraging social environments that

Effective team performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Effective team performance - Essay Example During the project, as the team progressed through its four development stages described by Tuckman’s model (Beyerlein and Johnson 2000) many problems and conflicts surfaced, not beyond expectations. Although problems addressed as the team developed more collaboration, communication and understanding of team objectives, these could have been avoided (Kayes 2004). During the project, engagement of group in different activities discussed helped developing a cohesive team. This project report primarily aims to elaborate significance of reflection in learning and analyses transformation of experiences into learning process (Kolbs 1984). Also this report describes the process of development of a group into a team, associated problems, and narrates the key role of different concepts and theories. Soon after group formation, I was skeptical about the group future, team development, team interactions and achievement of desired objectives. Beyerlein and Johnson (2000) view it as initial stage of team forming based on Bruce Tuckman Model where group members develop understanding among them. According to McManus (2000), teams exhibit a strong commitment, high degree of cohesiveness and accomplishment towards common goal than groups. Chaney and Lyden (2000) advocate teamwork for improvement in problem solving, decision-making and communications. During the initial stage of group formation, members were not focused towards team objectives rather were busy in their personal and social issue. Even they were neither in knowledge nor prepared for meetings agenda items. Team members being less organized and non-interactive were shy and reluctant to share knowledge and experience. These issues introduced hurdles in task completion, team development, cohesion and improving collaboration. Task sequencing and interdependencies caused problems when the completion of one job depended upon input from another

Edukasyon Para Sa Bayan Essay Example for Free

Edukasyon Para Sa Bayan Essay It was just a normal afternoon in the gym during a pickup game. The score was tied, game point. Nate goes up for the dunk and it goes in! When he comes back down to land, something didn’t feel right. His ankle was hurting really bad and was starting to swell. He couldn’t even walk on it. Nate sprained his ankle. Most ankle sprains happen when you make a rapid shifting movement with your foot planted, such as when you play soccer or get tackled in football. Often the ankle rolls outward and the foot turns inward. This causes the ligaments on the outside of the ankle to stretch and tear. Less often, the ankle rolls inward and the foot turns outward. This damages the ligaments on the inside of the ankle. An ankle sprain can range from mild to severe, depending on how badly the ligament is damaged and how many ligaments are injured. With a mild sprain, the ankle may be tender, swollen, and stiff. But it usually feels stable, and you can walk with little pain. A more serious sprain might include bruising and tenderness around the ankle, and walking is painful. In a severe ankle sprain, the ankle is unstable and may feel wobbly. You cant walk, because the ankle gives out and may be very painful. With most sprains, you feel pain right away at the site of the tear. Often the ankle starts to swell immediately and may bruise. The ankle area is usually tender to touch, and it hurts to move it. In more severe sprains, you may hear and/or feel something tear, along with a pop or snap. You will probably have extreme pain at first and will not be able to walk or even put weight on your foot. Usually, the more pain and swelling you have, the more severe your ankle sprain is and the longer it will take to heal. Preventing this injury is not that hard. According to emedicinehealth. com wearing the proper shoes, keeping the ankles strong and flexible, consider wearing ankle tape or an ankle brace, and making sure playing field or home environment is clear of any obstacles that could lead to injury. Healthscout. com says to maintain a regular exercise program, wearing stable shoes, stretching calf muscles before and after exercise, and maintain a healthy diet to prevent injury. But sometimes all these measures do not work and you will have an ankle injury and there are risks of reinjuring. How can we minimize recurring injuries? Brandon Hemphill, James D. Whitworth, and Rita F. Smith say that using external support during physical activity significantly reduces the likelihood of spraining your ankle. A study done by University of Georgia suggests that the different ways people move their hip and knee joints may influence the risk of re-injury. If you have ankle sprains, you may have a problem with the way you move, and we think we can change movement through rehabilitation, said Cathleen Brown, lead author of the study and assistant professor in the department of kinesiology in the College of Education. Past studies on ankle sprains have shown that some people are able to return to sports or physical activities without a problem. Brown and her team, which includes associate professor Kathy J. Simpson, also in the kinesiology department, want to know why some recover completely. One theory for explaining those divergent paths is that a person comes up with good strategies to move, land, balance and not get re-injured, Brown said. Maybe the injured people dont use the same landing strategies, or their strategies arent as effective, Brown said, adding that the study was a snapshot in time, not a long-term follow-up. By the time subjects were included in the research study, they have usually already injured themselves. We dont know if they are this way because of the injury, or if they got this injury because they land this way. There are two different initial treatments for an ankle sprain. One is RICE, consisting of rest, ice, compression, and elevation. The other is PRINCE, consisting of protection, rest, ice, NSAIDs; or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, compression, and elevation. The physician may suggest to keep all or some of your weight off your ankle and will give you crutches or a walker. An ankle brace, air stirrup, hiking boots, or other form of ankle support should be worn during this time to protect the ligaments. Stretching exercises should be continued daily and especially before and after physical activities to prevent re-injury. Even after your ankle feels better, continue with muscle-strengthening exercises and balance and control exercises several times a week to keep your ankles strong. The timing and type of rehab exercises may vary according to your doctors or physical therapists preferences. Anti-inflammatory pain medications such as ibuprofen and naproxen are used to reduce the pain and combat swelling. Ankle sprains are commonly misdiagnosed. This is because the two major types of sprained ankles-high ankle sprains and lateral ankle sprains-often look the same, even though they affect entirely different ligaments. The less common type, a high ankle sprain, is often mistaken for a lateral sprain. Misdiagnosis can delay getting the right treatment-and that can impair recovery. One problem is that the symptoms of high ankle sprains parallel those of the lateral ankle sprain, which occurs in the lower ankle area, says Marque Allen, DPM, FACFAS, foot and ankle surgeon from San Antonio, Texas and a Fellow of the American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Pain, swelling, limited motion, and bruising in the entire ankle region can occur in both high ankle sprains and lateral ankle sprains. The difference lies in where the injury occurs and which ligaments are involved. High ankle sprains can get complicated, because this region has five ligaments connecting two bones in the leg, compared with three ligaments that can be affected in lateral ankle sprains, says Dr. Allen. In diagnosing an ankle sprain, its important for physicians to understand how the injury occurred. Lateral sprains are caused by the foot turning inward, whereas high ankle sprains are the result of the foot being forced outward. Other complications include ankle synovitis, which is inflammation of the inner lining of the ankle joint capsule, persistent swelling of the ankle, lateral ankle instability, and nerve injuries. There are many different exercises one can do during the rehabilitation period. For example, range of motion exercises, strength exercises, and activity-specific exercises. Proprioception exercises and other balance exercises can help you recover more quickly and should actually be performed as part of a prevention program. Poor balance is a good predictor of future ankle sprains. After an ankle injury, balance training is essential to recovery. In addition to our eyes and inner ears, there are special receptors in our joints, proprioceptors, which provide information about our position in space. By balancing on one leg, you can reinforce and strengthen those receptors in the ankle. Balance on the affected leg and hold steady for 15 seconds. Continue to challenge your ankle by balancing with your eyes closed, or with your head turning from side to side. If you play soccer, balance on your sprained ankle and kick a soccer ball against a wall. If you play basketball, balance and shoot or practice bounce passes. You can get creative with your exercise to match your sport. The Ottawa ankle rules are a set of guidelines for clinicians to aid them in deciding if a patient with foot or ankle pain should be offered X-rays to diagnose a possible bone fracture. Before the introduction of the rules most patients with ankle injuries would have been X-rayed. However only about 15% of X-rays were positive for fracture, other patients had sprains or other injuries. As a result many unnecessary X-rays were taken, which was costly, time consuming and a possible health risk. The rules state that X-rays are only required if there is any pain in the malleolar zone and any one of the following: * Bone tenderness along the distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the tibia or tip of the medial malleolus, OR * Bone tenderness along the distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the fibula or tip of the lateral malleolus, OR * An inability to bear weight both immediately and in the emergency department for four steps. The Ottawa foot rules are for assessing whether a foot X-ray series is indicated. It states that they are indicated if there is any pain in the midfoot zone and any one of the following: * Bone tenderness at the base of the fifth metatarsal (for foot injuries), OR * Bone tenderness at the navicular bone (for foot injuries), OR * An inability to bear weight both immediately and in the emergency department for four steps. It is best to refrain from returning to full activity before complete healing of the ankle has occurred in order to avoid re-injury and possible complications. Ankle sprains take an average of 6 weeks to heal but can take can up to 4 months, depending on the severity. After returning to your sport, you have to make sure you take all precautions. Especially by making sure your ankle is supported by a brace or by tape. Some studies have shown that braces are more effective than tape, though. Either one is better than no support. In conclusion, preventing yourself from injury is a lot easier than people think. But if injury does occur, don’t assume you will be out for 4 months. People heal differently and how long healing takes depends on the severity of the injury. Works Cited American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons: Sprained Ankles Can Be Complicated and Misdiagnosed. India Pharma News (2012). Http://galenet. galegroup. com. ezproxy. aacc. edu. 2 Mar. 2012. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. Hemphill, Brandon, James Whitworth, and Rita Smith. Q / How Can We Minimize Recurrent Ankle Sprains? Journal of Family Practice 60. 12 (2011): 759. Http://galenet. galegroup. com. ezproxy. aacc. edu. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. UGA Study Suggests Key to Avoiding Ankle Re-injury May Be in the Hips and Knees. NewsRx Health Science (2011): 321. Http://galenet. galegroup. com. ezproxy. aacc. edu. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. Ankle Sprain Causes, Symptoms, Treatments, Recovery. WebMD. WebMD, 19 May 2011. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. http://www. webmd. com/a-to-z-guides/ankle-sprain-overview. Health Encyclopedia Diseases and Conditions. Ankle Sprains. The HealthScout Network, Inc, 1 Apr. 2009. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. http://www. healthscout. com/ency/1/572/main. html. Cunha, John P. Read What Your Physician Is Reading on Medscape. EMedicineHealth. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. http://www. emedicinehealth. com/ankle_sprain/article_em. htm.

life :: essays research papers

In the Bible, a book meant to be the word of God, condemns such things as murder, adultery and theft. I find it hard to believe that an all-powerful, all-knowing, infinitely-good being that â€Å"created† this world and everything in it would allow any of these things to occur. He would not only condemn them in an ancient book, but abolish them altogether along with any other things evil. If God is supposed to be the â€Å"heavenly father† wouldn't he want and impose onto his children his goodness and weed out all evil? Aquinas also shows this non-existence through Objective 2 where he writes how it is expecting too much for something that can be accounted for be a few principles has been produced by many. There are other principles that can account for everything we see in our world supposing God did not exist. All things can be reduced to one principle, that of nature and therefore there is no need to suppose God's existence. Once more I agree with his rationale of this subject, for it is logical to believe in a simple, visible, measurable concept such as the principle of nature, instead of something so complex it is near in-conceivable, and not able to be seen or measured. Nature could have accounted for the gradual development of mankind and scientific theories have given us explanations for the existence of nature and proof of this gradual development. Our planet's creation has been explained as a result of â€Å"The Big Bang† and man's development from a single-cellular organism to the multi-cellular, intelligent man of today by evolution. I agree with both of Thomas Aquinas' Objectives and it is mainly because of these two arguments that I, myself do not believe in the existence of