Use Of Alcohol By Adolescents Health And Social Care Essay

This papers chiefly contains the inside informations of the intoxicant usage among the grownups and it besides contains the cultural, ethical, economical facets of intoxicant usage by the underage childs. It discusses in item different schemes to command intoxicant usage among striplings and it besides the possible positive and negative results of the scheme adopted. Furthermore It discusses the composite scheme for intoxicant control.Rearing manners and usage of intoxicant by the striplingsThe households of about four 1000 of under 18 old ages old kids were teamed into four groups ( of which two groups were more important, one was indulgent, other was inattentive ) .These groups were formulated on the footing of the kids evaluations of their parents in two types: acceptance/involvement and strictness/supervision. The childs were so allocated into following sets of consequences: psychosocial advancement, internalized hurt, school achievement and job public presentation. Results sugge st that kids who consider their parents as more of undemocratic ( important ) are good in psychosocial competency and worst in psychological and behavioral disfunction ; the wholly opposite is the instance for kids who accept their parents as inattentive. Adolescents whose parents are characterized as autocratic are more submissive and more obedient but have comparatively less self-conceptions as comparison to other childs. However, kids from indulgent places have more assurance but have a higher frequence of substance abuse, have bad behavior and are less engaged in school. ( sussie D.Lamborn, 1991 ) The nexus between rearing manner and kids intoxicant and other alcohols use, means intoxicant and baccy usage, was observed at the same time ( at age 14 ) for licit drug usage and longitudinally ( from age 14 to 17 ) for both licit and illicit drug usage in a group of 347 young person who were tested from schools in Reykjavik, Iceland. Results verified that kids who are of the position that their parents are more of control of them were able to predate intoxicant and were protected from intoxicant than the kids who consider their parents as inattentive. ( Sugrun Adalbjarnardottir, 2001 )Disadvantages of intoxicant usage by adolescentsThe diseases that could go on due to intoxicants are pancreatic, liver harm, and actual shrinking, certain malignant neoplastic diseases of the encephalon. There are besides multiple short-run hazards are associated with the usage of intoxicant among adolescents but the professionals are concerned about crisp rise in adolescent intoxicant maltreatment an d the possible negative wellness effects. Harmonizing to describe issued by the British medical association entitled â€Å" Alcohol and Young people † there was a uninterrupted addition among the11 to 15 old ages old kids who drink alcohol day-to-day, but there is an addition in the sum they are imbibing on each juncture.Effectss on encephalon developmentResearch workers besides believe that during the adolescent age organic structure passes through important alterations. It is a clip when immature people start to associate them more with friends and leave their childhood contacts beyond. They want to set them in the societal environment. Exposing the encephalon to alcohol during this period may set an obstruction to of import procedures of encephalon development can do cognitive harm or farther imbibing. More intoxicant at one clip could do in a sickness emesis, reeling, dual vision, and an feeling of the room spinning. Harmonizing to one study issued by US authorities, named Prevention Alert and adolescent intoxicant maltreatment indicated many disadvantages â€Å" Subtle alcohol-induced stripling acquisition damages could damage occupational and academic advancement. In one survey, short term memory accomplishments were evaluated in those striplings who use intoxicant and who do non between the ages of 15 and 16. Those childs who were in greater usage of intoxicant were enduring from memory jobs. ( Adolescent Drug Abuse ) . Many surveies highlighted that memory jobs were most common among heavy users of intoxicant. There are other annihilating effects for striplings who get downing utilizing intoxicant in the early age. It is found that those who use intoxicant under the age of 15 have more opportunities of going once more the user of intoxicant in ulterior portion of their life. Apart from the fact that minor imbibing is against the jurisprudence, it poses a great danger to both the society and single. We will discourse some of the effects of adolescent intoxicant maltreatment.Accidents due to AlcoholMost of the study shows that rate of serious accidents due to alcohol drivers who aged 15 to twenty is twice the rate by intoxicant involved drivers of age 20 one and older ( Adolescent Drug Abuse )SuicideAlcohol normally causes emphasis and depression, which finally causes self-destruction. In one study, it was mentioned that 30 seven per cent of 8th grade misss who drank in big sum tried self-destruction, compared with 11 per cent who did non take intoxicant.Immoral activitiesIn one study about 10 per cent of female high school, pupils reported holding been raped. Research suggests that intoxicant usage largely increase the opportunities of sexual assault by a male. ( Adolescent Drug Abuse )When Alcohol imbibing does happenMost of the striplings, that were int erviewed, were of the position that imbibing occurs most of the clip of depression, anxiousness or to be made them socially acceptable. It has besides been observed that striplings were besides involved in heavy imbibing due to easy entree of intoxicant.Social alteration theoriesMany theories have been presented to protect striplings from utilizing alcohol some of the societal theories are discussed here:Social acquisition theoryThis theory suggests a squad attack for bar against alcohal among persons, communities and households. Team plays a critical function in learning kids to predate the usage of intoxicant ( E M Johnson ) .Development theoryYoung individuals are given self assurance and are motivated to accomplish something in their single community functions so that they are motivated to accomplish something for illustration as a rugger participant etcBehaviour theoryIt focuses more on single and made them recognize that societal norms are really of import and actuate them to predate the usage of intoxicant. ( E M Johnson )Social development theoryIn this theory, positive societal programmes are created which motivate persons to predate usage of intoxicant. ( E M Johnson )Health behavior theoryHealth behavior theory is the based on a individual ‘s Behaviour for bar strategies.. ( E M Johnson )Cognitive disagreement theoryThis theory proposes verbal intervention to set up or strength beliefs and attitudes, assisting immature individual to avoid imbibingHow psychologists can assist to better the job of intoxicant usage among adolescentA psychologist can help th e individual in heightening its motive to predate imbibing A psychologist can handle by measuring the type and badness of intoxicant jobs. This appraisal can supply usher to the drinker about what intervention to follow and assist to actuate the drinker to acquire intervention. Psychologists developed a figure of therapies, some of which are motivational sweetening theory and cognitive-behavioural header theory. These interventions provide 12 Step aid attacks that assist those enduring alcohol related jobs in utilizing self-treatment plans such as Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) . These treatement can supply aid to heighten their will power and steer them to halt imbibing, place fortunes that pushes single to get down imbibing, absorb new methods to get the better of extremely risky intoxicant dosage, and develop societal support systems within their societal environment. Some of the cognitive-behavioural analysis found that 50 eight per cent of patients having cognitive-behavioural intervention were far better than other groups. Programs such as Alcoholic Anonymous greatly increased participants ‘ will of halting them from intoxicant. Mostly persons utilizing intoxicant suffer from other mental wellness conditions, such as terrible depression and anxiousness. Psychologists can supply counsel to those patients who are enduring from such sort of diseases. ( Patrick ) Psychologists can besides supply group and household therapies, which frequently are helpful for set uping person-to-person relationships and for work outing jobs of imbibing over the long period. Family relationships pose greater impact on imbibing behavior, for illustration, a kid may affect in imbibing due to careless attitude of parents. The psychologist can assist the drinker and others to go through successfully through these complex phases, aid households to understand job of imbibing and larn how to help household members in recovery, and to seek aid from ego aid groups. ( Prilleltensky.Isaac ) Because a individual may return to imbibing wont, it can be important to hold a sure psychologist. If the drinker is unable to decide intoxicant jobs to the full, a psychologist can assist him with cut downing intoxicant usage and minimising jobs. Psychologists can besides mention a individual to self-help groups. Even after formal intervention terminals, many people continue to seek aid from such groups. Alcohol-related upsets badly amendss working of different organic structure parts like liver, bosom etc. However, the chances for successful long-run job solution are good for people who seek aid from appropriate beginnings. ( American Psychologists Association, 2012 )How the economic experts ameliorate the job of intoxicant usageEconomicss ever contribute vitally to the preparation of intoxicant policy. It operates by specifying and comparing costs and benefits of intoxicant ingestion and related policy intercessions, including excise revenue enhancements. The by and large it is found that people used to take less intoxicant when intoxicant monetary values are high. Monetary value degrees, including excise revenue enhancements, are good tool at commanding intoxicant ingestion. Raising excise revenue enhancements would be in the involvement of society. Economic steps such as monetary value hiking can be helpful in cut downing intoxicant maltreatment and bettering public wellness. Economicss chiefly operates through analysis of cost benefit analysis, nevertheless economic sciences can non run entirely and balance has to be maintained between society good being and single autonomy.Consumption FormsIn united provinces of America Wine, beer all contain ethyl intoxicant in differing sums. A standard drink consists of 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine each of which has about the same sum of ethyl alcohol ( about 0.6 ounces ) . Consumption of ethyl alcohol per individual ( age 14 and over ) increased in early 80 ‘s, and it was about two drinks per twenty-four hours. Average ingestion has declined since so by more than twenty per centum. It was all due addition in monetary values. ( America ) The National Household Survey on Drug Abuse in 1996 worked out that 60 five per centum of grownups had at least one drink during the last 12 months, while 50 per centum drank during the last month. The happening of self-reported imbibing lessenings in in-between age and is much lower for adult females than for work forces. ( J.Moore )Demand for Alcoholic Beverages due to Economicss stepsOne thing that economic experts agree on is that if the monetary value of a trade good is increased, the measure purchased and consumed will diminish, other things being equal. Legal limitations, cultural norms, and regulations imposed by employers and other private organisations on where and when intoxicant can be consumed are all relevant. ( J.Moore )Proposed action for commanding imbibing among grownupsSome Research workers have established semi-structured interviews that provide valid and attested appraisals of intoxicant ingestion and its related intoxicant jobs. ( S.C.Carr F. B. ) These schemes help research workers to measure the graduated table of assorted alcohol-related jobs among college and non-college individuals and to measure their frequence. These schemes help research workers to analyze how alcohol-related jobs fluctuate in reaction to general population tendency, intoxicant bar and plans and new Torahs and policies. ( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 ) There are several other attacks, which mostly rely upon the psychological science of persons and demands cognitive therapies. Inner desires of persons of which they are normally incognizant frequently influence behavioral picks. Research in neuroscience and cognitive psychological science has significantly enhanced the capacity to measure the on the topographic point decision-making. Recently, this cognition has been applied to the job of college imbibing. As a consequence, contrivers are planing bar plans that do non presume that every pick college pupils make has been carefully considered before they are implemented. To suggest one action is hard because it would non be effectual so I would wish to advert the hierarchy of action that can be helpful. These are discussed below.Tier 1 scheme ( Based on inquirers given to pupils )Using combination of cognitive-behavioural accomplishments and motivational sweetening intercessions.Cognitive-behavioural accomplishments strives to change an person ‘s operative beliefs and believing about the usage of intoxicant through procedures such as changing anticipations about intoxicant ‘s effects, entering day-to-day intoxicant ingestion, and larning to get the better of emphasis. Norms or values play a critical function in make up one's minding the behavior of the individual in college and universities and if its norms and values are strong so he would be able to command himself and predate the intoxicant usage. It besides depends on the how strongly the values respond to the usage of intoxicant in the society if it reacts strongly the person would surely abstain himself from intoxicant usage. On the other manus, motivational sweetening is actuate the persons from inside so that they can go forth the intoxicant usage. Motivational theories chiefly concentrate on the person because this theory believes that persons are entirely responsible for altering their imbibing behavior formal showing instrument are used to judge the intoxicant ingestion by the pupils. Consequences are documented and pupils receive non-judgmental feedback on their personal imbibing behavior in comparing with that of others and its negative effects. Students besides receive suggestions to back up their determinations to alter.Application of the cognitive behavior and motivational sweetening scheme ( utilizing appraisal based instrument )Motivational sweetening, developed by Marlatt proved to be really effectual in cut downing intoxicant ingestion. The plan was given the name of Alcohol Skills Training Program ( ASTP ) .It is a cognitive-behavioural intoxicant bar plan that teaches pupils basic rules of moderate imbibing and at the same clip motivates them to cut down high hazard imbibing. Controlled experiment surveies show that the ASTP well reduces imbibing rates and associated jobs for both 1-year and 2-year follow-up periods. ( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 )Scheme: Offer brief motivational sweetening intercessionsIt is besides observed that pupils who receive brief motivational intercessions of 45 proceedingss were successful in cut downing intoxicant ingestion. This scheme can besides turn out successful on get the better ofing inordinate imbibing, commendations for traffic misdemeanors, drive after imbibing and hurts. A utile brief intercession has been established at the University of Washington. This brief intercession for bad drinkers is based on the ASTP plan and is known as the BASICS plan: Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Student.Application of programme ( brief motivational sweetening intercessions )Programme operated in the si gnifier of two stairss. First was to give a pupil ‘s feedback on their imbibing behavior and in 2nd measure they were given the chance to explicate a new program based on the rules of brief motivational intercession. Bad drinkers who attended the BASICS plan significantly reduced both imbibing jobs and intoxicant ingestion rates, compared to command group participants, at both the 2-year follow-up and 4-year follow up appraisal periods. ( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 )Scheme: Challenging intoxicant anticipations.This scheme operates by altering the outlooks of the pupils and altering their perceptual experiences about sexual attraction and societal attraction.Application of scheme utilizing appraisal based instrumentThe survey conducted to day of the month indicates that the positive effects of this scheme last for up to 6 hebdomads in participants. ( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 )Tier 2: Evidence of Success with General Populations That Could Be Applied to College EnvironmentsThe undertaking force was formed for the implementing of this scheme. The Task Force recommends that college presidents, pupil and community leaders, campus intoxicant programme contrivers discover the schemes listed below because they have been successful with similar populations. These schemes do non claim to alter the behavior of each pupil, but they can assist alter those facets of the campus and community civilization that support excessive and underage intoxicant usage. ( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 )Scheme: Increased enforcement of minimal imbibing age TorahsThe minimal legal imbibing age ( MLDA ) jurisprudence is the most good instrument in commanding the intoxicant ingestion. The legal age for purchase and ingestion of intoxicant has proved successful in this respect. It non merely mitigates alcohol ingestion but besides decreases the fatal accidents caused due to alcohol ingestion. Surveies indicate that policie s should be implemented persistently otherwise, they will turn out unsuccessful. Enforcement of these policies should be implemented specifically conformity cheques on retail intoxicant outlets-typically cut down gross revenues to bush leagues by at least half. Attempts to cut down the usage of bogus age designation and prohibition on â€Å" place bringing † of intoxicant may besides helpful in accomplishing the coveted consequences. Scheme: Execution, increased promotion, and enforcement of other Torahs to cut down alcohol-impaired drive: Fatal accidents and related hurts due to alcohol can be overcame by take downing legal blood intoxicant bounds to.08 per centum for grownup drivers, utilizing soberness checkpoints and safety belt Torahs, peculiarly primary enforcement belt Torahs have been the major ground for cut downing traffic deceases and hurts. When California authorities constituted new belt jurisprudence that permits constabulary to halt vehicles and bear down a all right merely because a driver was non belted, safety belt usage rates increased 39 per centum among drivers compared to 23 per centum overall. This indicates that primary enforcement belt Torahs can forestall many alcohol-related traffic accidents. Scheme: Restrictions on intoxicant retail mercantile establishment denseness Different research workers have found that there is nexus between figure of intoxicant licences or mercantile establishments per population between the denseness of alcohol mercantile establishments, ingestion, and related jobs such as force, wellness jobs and other offenses. One survey found that there is higher degrees of imbibing and orgy imbibing among minor and older college pupils when a larger figure of intoxicants was sold within one stat mi of campus. Numbers of stores for alcohol sale may be banned straight or indirectly through policies that make licenses more hard to obtain such as increasing the monetary value of obtaining the licence. ( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 ) Scheme: Increased monetary values and excise revenue enhancements on alcoholic drinks. A attested organic structure of research has shown that higher alcoholic drink monetary values or revenue enhancements are associated with lower degrees of intoxicant ingestion and alcohol-related jobs. Some surveies have look at these effects among immature people individually from the general population. Most such surveies have found that immature people exhibit important responses to monetary value or revenue enhancement alterations. The research states that higher beer monetary values mitigates imbibing among U.S. college pupils, but that monetary value is a comparatively weak instrument for act uponing these behaviours among college pupils, particularly among male member of the society. Some surveies have reported that higher revenue enhancements on intoxicant were linked with important decreases in fatal accidents or rummy drive, peculiarly among younger drivers and during dark clip hours. A few recent surveies have questioned these findings. However, ( Young & A ; Liken, 2000 ) found no important effects of beer revenue enhancements in cut downing fatal accidents, either for immature drivers or the general population. ( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 ) . Scheme: Responsible drink service policies in societal and commercial scenes Surveies proposed that barmans, servers, and others in the cordial reception industry would welcome written policies about responsible service of intoxicant and preparation in how to implement them decently. Policies could include functioning alcohol in standard sizes, restricting gross revenues of hurlers, restricting service of intoxicant to drunk frequenters, advancing alcohol-free drinks and nutrient, and extinguishing last-call proclamations. Waiters and other staff could have preparation in accomplishments such as decelerating intoxicant service, declining service to drunk frequenters, look intoing age designation, and observing false designation. To forestall gross revenues to minor frequenters, it is of import to endorse designation policies with punishments for disobedience.Scheme: The formation of a campus and community alliance affecting all major stakeholders may be critical to implement these sc hemes efficaciouslyA figure of comprehensive community attempts have been designed to cut down intoxicant and other substance usage and related negative effects among under aged young person, including college pupils, and among grownups and their results demonstrate the possible effectivity of this attack in college communities. For illustration, the Community Trials Program, which focused on intoxicant injury in the general population, resulted in a important diminution in exigency room admittances for alcohol-related jobs.Application of this scheme ( appraisal based grounds )Both this plan and Communities Mobilizing for Change which was designed specifically to cut down imbibing among immature people, resulted in decreased intoxicant gross revenues to bush leagues. In the communities mobilising undertaking individual aged 18 to 20 reduced their wont to supply intoxicant to other teens and were less likely to seek to devour intoxicant. The Massachusetts Saving Lives Program planned to cut down rummy drive and hurrying in the general population, produced comparative diminutions in intoxicant related serious accidents affecting drivers 15 to 25 old ages of age. College presidents, stakeholders, campus decision makers in campus-community alliances include pupil groups, module, community leaders, staff, jurisprudence enforcement, and representatives from intoxicant drink industries. Research shows that promoting community ownership of plans enhances success ( Holder, Saltz, Treno, Grube, & A ; Voas, 1997 ) .Tier 3Scheme: Adopting campus-based policiesThe undermentioned activities are peculiarly appealing because straightforward and comparatively brief ratings should stipulate whether they would be successful in cut downing bad imbibing on a peculiar campus. Programing alcohol-free, expanded late-night pupil activities.A Extinguishing keg parties on campus where underage imbibing is rampant. Reinstating Friday categories and tests to cut down Thursday dark partying, perchance forming Saturday forenoon categories. Using older, salaried occupant helpers or engaging grownups to carry through that function. Reject sponsorship gifts from the intoxicant industry to avoid any perceptual experience that minor imbibing is acceptable. Baning intoxicant on campus, including at module and alumni events. Establishing alcohol-free residence halls.Scheme: Increasing enforcement at campus-based events that promote inordinate imbibingCampus constabularies can transport out surprise topographic point cheques at events and parties on campus to guarantee that intoxicant service is monitored and that age designation is checked. It may be of import for non-students to implement these campus policies. Resident helpers and others charged with developing close supportive relationships with pupils might happen it hard to implement alcohol-related regulations and ordinances systematically and uniformly.Scheme: Increasing promotion about and enforcement of minor imbibing Torahs on campus and extinguishing â€Å" assorted messages. †As discussed antecedently, active enforcement of minimal legal age imbibing Torahs consequences in diminutions in gross revenues to bush leagues ‘ .Enforcement of State Torahs and local ordinances on campus may direct a â€Å" assorted message † to pu pils about conformity with lawfully imposed imbibing limitations. Creative attacks are needed to prove the pertinence of this scheme.Scheme: Systematically implementing disciplinary actions associated with policy misdemeanorsInconsistent enforcement of alcohol-related regulations may suggest to pupils that â€Å" regulations are made to be broken. † To prove the effectivity of this scheme would probably necessitate staff and module preparation, frequent communicating with pupils, and the execution of a research constituent.Scheme: Conducting selling runs to rectify pupil misperceptions about intoxicant usageBased on the premiss that pupils overestimate the sum of imbibing that occurs among their equals and so model their ain behaviour to run into this perceived norm, many schools are now actively carry oning â€Å" societal norming † runs to rectify many of these misperceptions.Scheme: Provision of â€Å" safe drives † plansSafe rides attempt to halt drive after imbibing by supplying either free or low-priced transit such new wave birds and taxis from popular pupil locales or to their finishs. Safe drives are normally limited to pupils, module, staff, and a limited figure of â€Å" invitees. † Safe rides patrons frequently include student wellness Centres, Greek Councils, Mothers Against Drunk Driving chapters, and other local community organisations, concerns, campus constabulary and authorities.Scheme: Regulation of happy hours and gross revenuesMany bars near campuses attract pupils by advancing drink specials ( such as two drinks for the monetary value of one or adult females drink for free ) limitations on happy hours have the possible to decrease inordinate ingestion off campus. If colleges and universities have a accredited constitution on campus, drink specials could be restricted or publicity of alcohol-free drinks and nutrient specials could be encouraged. Campus that operates without any licence and service intoxicant, ev ent contrivers could choose to restrict the sum of free intoxicant that is available and extinguish all self-service. Schools could besides restrict intoxicant usage to weekends or after regular category hours in an effort to divide imbibing from activities more closely associated with the premier academic mission.Scheme: Informing new pupils and their parents about intoxicant policies and punishments before arrival and during orientation periods.It has been noted that many pupils begin imbibing to a great extent during first six hebdomads. Giving consciousness to parents and pupils to this possibility early on ( e.g. , through pre admittance letters to parents and inclusion of information in orientation Sessionss and in presidents ‘ and pupil leaders ‘ welcoming addresss ) may assist halt the development of jobs during this critical, sensitive period.Commercially available intercessionNumerous intercession merchandises are available commercially and may include schemes described in this study. However, the current organic structure of equal reviewed appraising research is deficient to let nonsubjective appraisal of their efficaciousness among college age populations. Such plans were needfully excluded from the Task Force Report ‘s evidence-based hierarchy of bar schemes. Additional research may good set up grounds of efficaciousness for some or all of these plans. In the interim, if colleges and universities implement one or more of these plans, the Task Force strongly recommends that thorough plan rating be implemented every bit good, with careful attending to measuring plan effects in relation to plan costs and easiness of execution. As with any rating, it is necessary that both positive and negative findings be disseminated widely, through publication in peer-reviewed diaries when possible.Criticism on the intercession attackThe Task Force makes out that it is hard or impossible to â€Å" turn out † that a specific intercession att ack is universally unproductive. However, when there are dependable findings across a broad assortment of well-designed surveies, it is possible to reason that an attack is non likely to be utile and that limited resources should be used in other ways. Additionally, if there is strong grounds that an intercession attack is really harmful or counterproductive, recommendations non to utilize it can be made based on fewer surveies. The Task Force besides notes that some intercessions may be uneffective when used in isolation, but might do an of import part as portion of a multi constituent integrated set of plans and activities. However, until there is grounds of a complementary or interactive consequence ensuing from inclusion with other schemes, college decision makers are cautioned against doing premises of effectivity without scientific grounds.Scheme: Informational, knowledge-based, or values clarification intercessions about intoxicant and the jobs related to its inordinate usage, when used entirelyThis scheme is based on the premise that college pupils greatly use intoxicant because they lack cognition and an addition in cognition would take to a lessening in usage. Although educational constituents are built-in to some successful intercessions, they do non look to be effectual in isolation. Despite this grounds, informational/educational schemes are the most normally utilised techniques for separately f ocused bar on college campuses. ( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 )Scheme: Supplying blood intoxicant content feedback to pupils.It could be used as portion of a research rating or to deter pupils from driving while under the influence or go oning to imbibe past poisoning. Supplying this information to pupils who are imbibing must be approached with attention. If feedback is to be provided in realistic scenes, the process should be carefully monitored for unfavorable effects and adjusted as necessary. ( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 ) Table I and II are added in AppendixPositive and negative results of the attack ( Criticism on the overall attack )The attacks used above to counter the intoxicant usage among the striplings might be really effectual and it may diminish the usage of intoxicant among the striplings but one thing that is really much under treatment is that single autonomy might be at hazard. Intervention by the psychologists or other decision makers may impact believing abilities of the striplings and it may impair their other abilities as good. It may besides resentment among those who are involved in the concern of intoxicant merchandising and purchasing. Another result of this attack might be that pupils might be overloaded with work as we discussed early that Saturdays and weekend should acquire pupils busy so that they can non imbibe. Third, any attack can non be successful until and unless parents does non acquire boycott them the usage of intoxicant. As a consequence, the parents would besides experience force per unit area to boycott intoxicant, otherwise their kids will copy them. However, this attack looks comprehensive overall and it may promote striplings to predate the usage of intoxicant.Family schemes adopted by some New York householdsSeveral beginnings have suggested household engagement as of import for the success of alcohol bar schemes. Family factors, such as parent-child relationships, subject methods, communicating, supervising and monitoring and parental engagement, can significantly act upon intoxicant usage among young person. Some of the New York households were confronting jobs due to alcohol usage by their striplings. Therefore, research workers advised them to utilize household schemes to undertake these jobs. So the household strategies they used are discussed below: Home-based parent-child activities ; household skills preparation ; behavioral parent preparation ; and behavioural household therapies were used. Reviews of household accomplishments developing indicated that sweetening of the following parenting accomplishments is of import for the bar of intoxicant usage. Bettering parent-child dealingss by utilizing positive support, listening and communicating accomplishments, and job resolution. ( L.Culbertson, 2010 ) Supplying consistent subject and rulemaking Monitoring kids ‘s activities during adolescence Strengthening household bonding. Assorted surveies have identified several constituents that contribute to the success of household based bar intercessions. One major constituent is a focal point on accomplishment development instead than on simple instruction about appropriate parenting patterns. Another of import constituent is the engagement of both parents and kids in single and group preparation Sessionss. Several surveies have found that parent and household preparation plans both improve parenting accomplishments and cut down job behaviours among kids. ( Diaz, 2000 ) A less intense household engagement attack is based on including parents in prep assignments around issues of intoxicant usage, thereby increasing the likeliness that intoxicant, baccy, and other drug usage is discussed at place, and potentially heightening rearing accomplishments by increasing communicating between parent and kid and supplying behavioural tips to parents. ( Kelli A.Komro )Pattern of Alcoholism in Different cultural groups including Jews in AmericaBerkeley ‘s Alcohol Research Group has carefully explored the demographics of intoxicant troubles in the U.S. One sole determination was that in conservative Protestant parts and dry parts of the state, which have low overall intoxicant ingestion, orgy imbibing and related jobs are common. Similarly, research at the Rand Corporation found that the parts of the state with the lowest intoxicant ingestion and highest abstention rates, viz. the South and Midwest, had the highest incidence of intervention for alcohol addic tion. ( Stanton Peele ) Meanwhile, cultural groups such as Judaic and Italian-Americans have really low abstention rates ( under 10 per centum compared with a 3rd of Americans at big ) and besides modest serious job imbibing. Psychiatrist George Vaillant found that Irish-American work forces in an urban Boston population had a rate of intoxicant trust over their life-times 7 times every bit great as those from Mediterranean backgrounds ( Grecian, Italian, Judaic ) . These findings are readily apprehensible in footings of different forms of imbibing and attitudes towards alcohol in different cultural groups. Harmonizing to Vaillant, for illustration, â€Å" It is steady with Irish civilization to see the usage of intoxicant in footings of black or white, good or evil, drunkenness or complete abstention. † In groups that demonetize intoxicant, any exposure to alcohol carries a high hazard of surplus. Therefore, inebriation and misbehavior become frequent, about accepted, results of imbibing. On the other side of the coin, the civilizations that view alcohol as a normal and enjoyable portion of repasts, jubilations, and spiritual ceremonials are least tolerant of intoxicant maltreatment. These civilizations, which do non believe intoxicant has the power to get the better of single opposition, disapprove of excess and do non digest destructive imbibing. ( Katz, 2003 ) ( Stanton Peele )AppendixTable I( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 )Table II( College imbibing altering the civilization, 2005 )

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Getting Started Entering the Workbench Defining the Parameters Creating the First Wall Creating the Side Walls Creating a Cutout Creating Automatic Bends Unfolding the Part Extracting Drawings Basic Tasks Managing the Default Parameters Editing the Parameters Bend Extremities Bend Corner Relief Bend Allowance Creating Walls From an Existing Solid From a Sketch Tangent Walls From an Edge Extruding Isolating Walls Creating Rolled Walls Creating Bends Site Map http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugsm. htm (1 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:18 PM] Bends from Walls Automatic Bends Conical Bends Bends From Line Creating Swept Walls Creating a Flange Creating a Hem Creating a Tear Drop Creating a Swept Flange Redefining Swept Walls Limits Displaying Swept Walls Axes Unfolding Folded/Unfolded View Access Concurrent Access Creating a Cutout Stamping Standard Features Point Stamp Extruded Hole Curve Stamp Surface Stamp Bridge Louver Stiffness Rib Creating User-defined Stamping Features Punch and Matrix Opening and Cutting faces Editing User-Defined Stamps Patterning Site Map ttp://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugsm. htm (2 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:18 PM] Rectangular Patterns Circular Patterns User-Defined Patterns Corner Relief Redefining a Corner Relief Creating a Local Corner Relief Creating Corners Creating Chamfers Mapping Elements Saving As DXF Reference Elements Advanced Tasks Integration with Part Design Designing in Context Designing†¦ Modifying†¦ PowerCopies Management Creating PowerCopies Instantiating PowerCopies Saving PowerCopies Looking For Sheet Metal Features Workbench Description Menu Bar Sheet Metal Toolbar Constraints ToolbarReference Elements Toolbar Specification Tree Customizing Site Map http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugsm. htm (3 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:18 PM] Glossary Index Site Map http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish /sheug. doc/src/sheugsm. htm (4 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:18 PM] Preface The V5 CATIA – Sheet Metal Design is a new generation product offering an intuitive and flexible user interface. It provides an associative feature-based modeling making it possible to design sheet metal parts in concurrent engineering between the unfolded or folded part representation.V5R7 CATIA – Sheet Metal Design offers the following main functions: Associative and dedicated Sheet Metal feature based modeling Concurrent engineering between the unfolded or folded part representation Access to company defined standards tables Dedicated drawing capability including unfolded view and specific settings. All sheetmetal specifications can be re-used by the CATIA – Knowledge Advisor to capture corporate knowledge and increase the quality of designs. Natively integrated, CATIA – Sheet Metal Design offers the same ease of use and user interface consistency as all CATIA V5 applications.As a sca lable product, CATIA Version 5 Sheet Metal Design can be used in cooperation with other current or future companion products in the next CATIA generation such as CATIA Version 5 Assembly Design and CATIA Version 5 Generative Drafting. The widest application portfolio in the industry is also accessible through interoperability with CATIA Solutions Version 4 to enable support of the full product development process from initial concept to product in operation. Using This Product More Information Preface http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugpr01. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:19 PM] Using This ProductThis guide is intended for the user who needs to become quickly familiar with the CATIA Version 5 Sheet Metal Design product. The user should be familiar with basic Version 5 concepts such as document windows, standard and view toolbars. To get the most out of this guide, we suggest you start reading and performing the step-by-step tutorial â€Å"Getting Started†. The next s ections deal with the handling of more detailed capabilities of the product. Using This Product http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugpr03. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:19 PM] Where to Find More InformationPrior to reading this book, we recommend that you read the Infrastructure User's Guide. The Part Design User's Guide, the Assembly Design User's Guide and the Generative Drafting User's Guide may prove useful. Finally, you can read the Sheet Metal Production User's Guide to find out more about that product and to fully use the interoperability between the two products. Conventions More Information http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugpr04. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:19 PM] What's New? This table identifies what new or improved capabilities have been documented in Version 5 Release 8 of the Sheet Metal Design workbench.Basic Tasks New: Creating chamfers New: Displaying swept wall axes New: Saving as DXF Enhanced: Creating walls from an existing Part Enhanced: Cre ating walls from an edge Enhanced: Extruding Enhanced: Defining bend extremities when manually creating bends from walls or automatically creating them Enhanced: Stamping Enhanced: User interface of user-defined stamping features (punch and die and cut-out and opening faces). Enhanced: Choice of convex/concave edges when creating corners Enhanced: Mapping elements Advanced Tasks Enhanced: Creating PowerCopy Features Enhanced: Instantiating PowerCopy FeaturesWhat's New? http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugwn. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:19 PM] Getting Started Before getting into the detailed instructions for using Version 5 CATIA – Sheet Metal Design, the following tutorial provides a step-by-step scenario demonstrating how to use key functionalities. The main tasks proposed in this section are: Entering the Workbench Defining the Parameters Creating the First Wall Creating the Side Walls Creating a Cutout Creating Automatic Bends Unfolding the Part Extracting Drawi ngs All together, these tasks should take about 15 minutes to complete. Getting Started ttp://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs01. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:19 PM] Entering the Sheet Metal Workbench The Sheet Metal Design functions are available when you are in the Part environment. Several functions are integrated from the Part Design workbench. This task shows how to enter the workbench. Choose the Mechanical Design -> Sheet Metal Design item from the Start menu. The Sheet Metal toolbar is displayed and ready to use. You may add the Sheet Metal Design workbench to your Favorites, using the Tools -> Customize item. For more information, refer to the Infrastructure User's Guide.Entering the Workbench http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs00. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:20 PM] Defining the Sheet Metal Parameters This task shows you how to configure the sheet metal parameters. 1. Click the Sheet Metal Parameters icon . The Sheet Metal Parameters dialog b ox is displayed. 2. Enter 1mm in the Thickness field. 3. Enter 5mm in the Bend Radius field. 4. Select the Bend Extremities tab. 5. Select Tangent in the Bend Extremities combo list. An alternative is to select the bend type in the graphical combo list. Click OK to validate the parameters and close the dialog box.The Sheet Metal Parameters feature is added in the specification tree. 6. Defining the Parameters http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs02. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:20 PM] The other two tabs are not used in this scenario. Defining the Parameters http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs02. htm (2 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:20 PM] Creating the First Wall This task shows how to create the first wall of the Sheet Metal Part. 1. Click the Sketcher icon then select the xy plane. 2. Select the Profile icon . 3. Sketch the contour as shown below: Click the Exit workbench icon to return to the 3D world.The sketch remains selected. 4. Click the Wall icon . The Wall Definition dialog box opens. 5. Creating the First Wall http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs03. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:20 PM] By default, the Material Side is set to the top. Click OK. The Wall. 1 feature is added in the specification tree 6. The first wall of the Sheet Metal Part is known as the Reference wall. Creating the First Wall http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs03. htm (2 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:20 PM] Creating the Side Walls This task shows you how to add other walls to the Sheet Metal part. Click the Wall on Edge icon .The Wall On Edge Definition dialog box opens. 1. 2. Select the left edge. Enter 50mm in the Value field. The application previews the wall. 3. By default, the material side is such that it ensures a continuity with the reference profile. If needed, invert it using the Reverse side button, or clicking the arrow. 4. Click the Reverse Position button to Invert the sketch profile. Click OK. The wal l is created and the Wall On Edge. 1 feature is displayed in the specification tree: 5. Creating the Side Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs04. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:21 PM] 6. Select the right edge.Click the Wall on Edge icon again. The Wall On Edge Definition dialog box opens with the parameters previously selected. 7. 8. Invert the sketch profile and click OK to validate. Click the Wall on Edge icon again. 9. Select the front edge. The Wall Definition dialog box opens with the parameters previously selected. 10. Enter 30mm in the Value field and 10mm in the Limit1 and Limit2 fields, then invert the sketch profile. 11. 12. Press OK to validate. Creating the Side Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs04. htm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:21 PM] The final part looks like this: Creating the Side Walls ttp://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs04. htm (3 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:21 PM] Creating a Cutout In this task, yo u will learn how to: open a sketch on an existing face define a contour in order to create a cutout. Select Wall On Edge. 2 from the geometry area to define the working plane. 1. 2. Click the Sketcher icon . 3. Click the Elongated Hole icon to create the contour. To access the oblong profile, click the black triangle on the Rectangle icon. It displays a secondary toolbar. Click to create the first point and drag the cursor. 4. Click to create the second point. The first semi-axis of the rofile is created. 5. Drag the cursor and click to create the third point. The second semi-axis is created and the oblong profile is displayed. 6. 7. Click the Exit workbench icon to return to the 3D world. Creating a Cutout http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs05. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:21 PM] 8. Select the Cutout icon . The Pocket Definition dialog box is displayed and a cutout is previewed with default parameters. 9. Set the Type to Up to last option to define the limit o f your cutout. This means that the application will limit the cutout onto the last possible face, that is the opposite wall. 0. Click OK. This is your cutout: Creating a Cutout http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs05. htm (2 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:21 PM] Creating the Bends Automatically This task shows how to create the bends automatically. Click the Automatic Bends icon . The bends are created. 1. CATIA displays the bends creation in the specification tree: Automatic Bends. 1 The Sheet Metal part looks like this: Creating Automatic Bends http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs06. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:21 PM] Unfolding the Sheet Metal Part This task shows how to unfold the part. 1.Click the Unfold icon . The part is unfolded according to the reference wall plane, as shown below. Note that the bend limits are displayed in the unfolded view. To refold the part, click the Unfold icon again. Unfolding the Part http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs07. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:21 PM] Extracting Drawings from the Sheet Metal Part This task shows how to create the Sheet Metal Part views in the Generative Drafting workbench. The Sheet Metal part is displayed. 1. Click or select File -; New†¦ 2. Select the Drawing type and click OK. The Generative Drafting workbench is launched.The New Drawing dialog box opens. 3. Click OK. For more information about this workbench, refer to Generative Drafting User's Guide. 4. The drawing sheet appears. 5. Tile the windows horizontally using the Window -> Tile Horizontally menu item. 6. Select the Unfolded View icon in the Projections toolbar from Generative Drafting Workbench. This icon is added to the Projections toolbar provided the Sheet Metal workbench is present. Choose the xy plane in the Sheet Metal specification tree. The unfolded view is displayed with the bends axes and limits. 7. Eventually, the Drafting sheet looks like this:Extracting Drawings http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/ SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs08. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:22 PM] Extracting Drawings http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheuggs08. htm (2 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:22 PM] Basic Tasks The Basic Tasks section explains how to create and modify various kinds of features. Managing the Default Parameters Creating Walls Extruding Isolating Walls Creating Rolled Walls Creating Bends Creating Swept Walls Unfolding Creating a Cutout Stamping Patterning Corner Relief Creating Corners Creating Chamfers Mapping Elements Saving As DXF Reference Elements Basic Tasks ttp://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0000. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:22 PM] Managing the Default Parameters This section explains and illustrates how to use or modify various kinds of features. The table below lists the information you will find. Using Sheet Metal Design assumes that you are in a CATPart document. Edit the parameters: select the Parameters tab et the wall thickness and bend radius values . Modify the bend extremities : select the Bend Extremities tab and choose a predefined bend type. Define the bend corner relief: select the Bend Corner Relief tab and choose a predefined corner relief type.Define the bend allowance: select the Bend Allowance tab and define the allowance value (K factor). Managing the Default Parameters http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0100. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:22 PM] Editing the Sheet and Tool Parameters This section explains how to change the different sheet metal parameters. Click the Sheet Metal Parameters icon . 1. The Sheet Metal Parameters dialog box is displayed. 2. Change the Thickness if needed. 3. Change the Bend Radius if needed. Convention dictates that the inner angle between the two walls is used to define the bend. It can vary from 0 ° to 180 ° exclusive.This angle is constant and the bend axis is rectilinear. Press the Sheet Standards Files†¦ button to access to the company defined standards, if need be. For more information, refer to the Customizing section. 4. 5. Click OK to validate the Sheet Metal Parameters. When the Check all bend radius button is checked, and you click OK in the Sheet Metal Parameters dialog box, a list is displayed with all the bends the part that do not use the standard Bend Radius value as defined in step 3. Editing the Parameters http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0101. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:22 PM] Modifying the Bend ExtremitiesThis section explains how to change the bend extremities. Click the Sheet Metal Parameters icon . The Sheet Metal Parameters dialog box is displayed. 1. The second tab concerns the bend extremities. A combo box displays the six possible axial relimitations for the straight bend: These options can also be accessed through the pop-up button: Bend Extremities http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0103. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:22 PM] Maximum: the bend is calculated between the furthest o pposite edges of the supporting walls. Bend Extremities http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0103. tm (2 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:22 PM] Minimum with no relief: the bend corresponds to the common area of the supporting walls along the bend axis. Square relief: a square relief is added to the bend extremity. The L1 and L2 parameters can be modified if need be. Round relief: a round relief is added to the bend extremity. The L1 and L2 parameters can be modified if need be. Linear: the unfolded bend is split by two planes going through the corresponding limit points (obtained by projection of the bend axis onto the edges of the supporting walls). >Tangent: the edges of the bend are tangent to the edges of the supporting walls.Bend Corner Relief This section explains how to change the bend corner relief. Open the CornerRelief01. CAPTPart model from the samples directory. Within the Tools -> Options -> General -> Parameters -> Knowledge tab, check the Load Extended Langu age Libraries option. See Customizing Knowledgeware Applications. Click the Sheet Metal Parameters icon . 1. The Sheet Metal Parameters dialog box is displayed. The third tab concerns the bend corner relief. By default, no corner relief is created when a bend is created. Check the Automatic corner relief creation option to activate this creation every time a bend is created.Three corner relief types are available. Select the icon corresponding to the requested type: : square: the square corner relief is created using the bend limits. Its dimensions are defined by the width of the unfolded bends. : circular: its center is located at the intersection of the bend axes. For that option, a radius is proposed by default. It is equal to the bend radius + the thickness. To change it: Selecting Formula -> Deactivate from the contextual menu of the input field and enter a new value, clicking on the button and entering a new formula. Bend Corner Relief http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt0104. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:23 PM] : triangular: the triangular relief is created from the intersection point of the inner bend limits towards the intersection points of the outer bend limits with each wall. The corner relief is not previewed during its creation. The corner relief is taken into account in the unfolded view. For better result, you should select the Maximum Bend Extremities option when creating corner relief. These parameters are applied to each corner relief created or to be created, except to those with that have been redefined, or the locally defined corner relieves.Bend Corner Relief http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0104. htm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:23 PM] Defining the Bend Allowance This section explains the calculations related to folding/unfolding operations. Click the Parameters icon . 1. The Sheet Metal Parameters dialog box is displayed. The fourth tab concerns the bend allowance. When a bend is unfolded, the sh eet metal deformation is represented by the bend allowance V, defined by the formula: L = A + B + V where: L is the total unfolded length A and B the dimensioning lengths as defined on the figures below: bend < 90 ° bend > 90 °Bend Allowance http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0102. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:23 PM] Another way to compute the sheet metal deformation is the neutral fiber definition (K Factor): W = a * (R + k * T) where: W is the flat bend width R the inner bend radius T the sheet metal thickness a the inner bend angle in radians. If b is the opening bend angle in degrees: a = p * (180 – b) / 180 Physically, the neutral fiber represents the limit between the material compressed area inside the bend and the extended area outside the bend. Ideally, it is represented by an arc located inside the thickness and entered on the bend axis. Therefore the K Factor always has a value between 0 and 0. 5. When you define the sheet metal parameters , a literal feature defines the default K Factor, according to the DIN standard: K = (0. 65 + log(R / T) / 2) / 2 This formula can be deactivated or modified using Knowledge Advisor workbench. When a bend is created, the bend K Factor and the bend allowance literals are created. Two cases may then occur: If the Sheet Metal K Factor has an activated formula and uses the default bend radius as input parameter, the same formula is activated on the bend K Factor with the bend radius as input.Else the bend K Factor is a formula equal to the Sheet Metal K Factor. The bend allowance literal is equal to a formula representing the use of the bend K Factor. This formula is fairly complex and it is strongly recommended not to delete it. V = a * (R + k * T) – 2 * (R + T) * tan ( min(p/2,a) / 2) Though it is possible to deactivate the formula to enter a fixed value. Finally, the bend flat width is computed from the bend allowance value. The bend allowance can be locally redefined when cre ating bends from walls, generating bends automatically, Bend Allowance http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0102. tm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:23 PM] Creating Walls This section explains and illustrates different methods to create walls. Create walls from an existing Part: click the icon, and select a face of a wall Create a wall from a sketch: use the sketcher to define the profile, and set the material side. Create a wall tangent to another one: select a profile coincident with an existing wall, and select the wall to which it should be tangent Create a wall from an edge: select a wall edge, set the height, limits, angle, then the sketch and material sides Creating walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt0800. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:23 PM] Creating Walls From an Existing Part This task illustrates how to create a Sheet Metal part using an existing Part, that is recognizing the thin part shapes of the Part as created using the Part Design workb ench or from a CATIA Version 4 Solid for example. Open the WallScenario1. CATPart document from the samples directory. The document contains a Part created in the Part Design workbench and it looks like this: 1. Click the Walls Recognition icon 2. Click any face to be the reference wall. The Walls Recognition Definition dialog box is displayed. 3.Choose the Wall creation mode: Part body recognition: the whole solid is processed and walls are created wherever possible Only selected faces: only explicitly selected faces of the solid are processed and the corresponding walls are created. The Reference wall is indicated in the Walls Recognition Definition dialog box for information only (it is grayed out). From an Existing Solid http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0201. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:23 PM] Select faces as the Compulsory walls. These are faces from which the walls are to be generated when there might be an ambiguity.For example, if the initial part is a box, you will need to select two opposite inner faces and outer faces on the other two sides of the box, in order to avoid overlapping when generating the walls. 4. 5. Set the Internal profiles recognition mode: As cut out wall: generates walls with inner contours (no cutout feature is generated) One cut out by wall: regardless of how many pockets there are on a face of the solid, only one cutout feature is generated per wall One cut out by profile: for each inner contour on the sketch-based solid, a cutout feature is generated None: whether there are pockets on the solid aces, or not, no cutout feature is created in the resulting SheetMetal features. The Generate Bends check button allows the automatic creation of bends as the walls are being created, wherever applicable. 6. Click Apply. The walls are generated from the Part Design geometry. The Walls Recognition. 1 feature is added to the tree view. At the same time, the Sheet Metal parameters are created, deduced from the Part geometry. Select the icon to display the sheet metal parameters: 7. the Thickness is equal to 1mm the Bend radius is twice the thickness value the Bend Extremities field is set to Square relief.From an Existing Solid http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0201. htm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:23 PM] You can modify a few of these parameters The Thickness parameter cannot be modified because it is based, like the bend extremities and radius, on the initial solid geometry . However you can modify these parameters (bend radius and bend extremities) to be taken into account for sheet metal features other than the â€Å"recognized† ones. The bend allowance, being used to unfold the part, and the corner relief affect all features, and therefore can be edited even for â€Å"recognized† features. . Click OK in the Sheet Metal Parameters when all parameters have been redefined where needed. The solid is now a Sheet Metal part. All the features are displayed in th e specification tree. Once the solid has been converted to a Sheet Metal part, you can create bends as with any other Sheet Metal part, or modify/add Sheet Metal features to complete the design. Uncheck the Generate Bends button, if you do not wish bends to be created automatically. From an Existing Solid http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0201. htm (3 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:23 PM] Creating Walls from a SketchThis task shows how to create a wall from a sketch. You must be in the Sheet Metal Workbench, with a . CATPart document open, and you must have defined the Sheet Metal parameters. Set the sketcher grid to H = 100mm and V = 100mm, using the Tools -> Options, Mechanical Design -> Sketcher, Sketcher tab. 1. Click the Sketcher icon then select the xy plane. 2. Select the Profile icon . 3. Sketch the contour as shown below: 4. Click the Exit workbench icon to return to the 3D world. Click the Wall icon . The Wall Definition dialog box opens. 5. By default, the M aterial Side is set to the top.From a Sketch http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0801. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:24 PM] Click OK. The Wall. 1 feature is added in the specification tree. 6. The first wall of the Sheet Metal Part is known as the Reference wall. Click the sketcher icon from the Wall Definition dialog box, if you wish to directly edit the selected sketch. When exiting the sketcher, you then go back to the wall creation step, without having to reactivate the Wall icon. This is also very useful if you have selected an edge from a wall and clicked the Wall icon . In this case, the sketcher is utomatically activated and the plane defined as being the selected edge's plane. You can then directly draw a sketch, then exit the sketcher and return to the wall creation step. From a Sketch http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0801. htm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:24 PM] You can directly create a wall with a hole, by selecting a sketch with an inner contour (the contours must not intersect): Sketch with inner contour Resulting wall Note however, that the emptied area is part of the wall and is not a separate cutout that can be edited. From a Sketch ttp://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0801. htm (3 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:24 PM] Creating Tangent Walls This task shows how to create a wall tangent to a planar part of another wall or of a flange. This capability will then allow this tangent wall to be seen when unfolding the part, even though there is no bend linking it to its tangent support, provided this support is unfoldable too. Open the TangentWall1. CATPart document from the samples directory. Select a face of an existing wall and click the Sketcher icon . Here we selected the flange's planar face. 1. 2.Select the Profile icon and sketch the contour as shown below: Using the Constraint Defined in Dialog box icon, set coincidence constraints between the edges where the support and sketch are to coinc ide. 3. 4. Click the Exit workbench icon to return to the 3D world. Make sure the sketch is still active, then click the Wall icon . 5. The Wall Definition dialog box opens. Tangent Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0803. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:24 PM] Note the orientation of the wall to be created. Click inside the Tangent to field, then select the wall to hich the new wall has to be tangent. 6. Here, you need to select the planar face of the flange. Note that the orientation automatically changes to conform to the material orientation already defined on the support wall. Click OK. The wall is created and a Wall. xxx feature is added in the specification tree. 7. Tangent Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0803. htm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:24 PM] If you want to create the wall on a wall that cannot be unfolded, the system issues a warning and prevents you from creating the tangent wall. Tangent Walls ttp://arbredsy/FmoCX R8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0803. htm (3 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:24 PM] Click the Unfold icon . The tangent wall is unfolded as a wall linked by a bend to another wall, would be. 8. Creating Walls From An Edge This task shows how to create walls from edges of an existing wall. This function is used to create a box in an easy and quick way from an existing reference wall. At least one wall must already exist. Open the Wall1. CATPart document from the samples directory. Click the Wall on Edge icon and select an edge of an existing wall. 1. The Wall On EdgeDefinition dialog box is displayed together with a preview of the wall. Define the type of wall to be created by specifying the Reference, that is: 2. the Height of the wall: that is the orthogonal projection from the top of the wall on edge to the reference wall. Select the icon to define the height of the wall from the bottom of the reference wall or the icon to define the height of the wall from the top of the reference wall . the Length of the wall: that is the absolute value of the wall on edge without bend. From an Edge http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0802. tm (1 of 6) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] the limits of the wall: LIM1 and LIM2. These texts only indicate on which side a given limit is. They are not precisely on the limit spots. The actual locations of the limits are defined with the icons and an input distance that is taken into account respectively from the inner side of an existing bend, the inner side of an existing wall or the outer side of an existing wall. the angle of the wall: by default it is perpendicular to the plane containing the edge. You may modify it according to your needs. it is updated dynamically on the screen. This preview gives information about: he Sketch Profile: by default, if you pick an edge on the top of the reference wall, the direction of the wall is upwards, if you pick an edge on the bottom of the reference wall the direction of the wall is do wnwards. Preview with top edge selected Preview with bottom edge selected You can invert the sketch's position, and therefore the wall's, using the Reverse Position button. Preview with bottom edge selected and sketch profile inverted From an Edge http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0802. htm (2 of 6) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] the material side: by default the aterial side is proposed so as to keep a continuity with the reference profile. However, you can change it by clicking the red arrow or the Reverse Side button. Check the Clearance option to offset the wall on edge from the selected edge. 3. The entered value is the radius of the bend on this edge. Wall on edge with clearance Wall on edge without clearance Note that the reference wall remains unchanged when changing the bend radius value. It is the Wall on Edge's length that is affected. You can also choose to create the wall with or without a bend by checking the With Bend option. 4.If there is no wall from which a limit can be computed, the reference element is the edge of the reference wall. From an Edge http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0802. htm (3 of 6) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] A wall on edge is defined by the selected edge (reference edge). When the reference edge is modified, by adding any feature that shortens the edge (a bend to an adjacent wall on edge or a cutout for example) the wall on edge based on this reference edge is recomputed. To avoid this you may: create the bend manually on the wall modifying the edge used as the reference to create the other wall eorder the creation of walls to postpone the creation of the modifying feature Both limits are computed with the same reference icon. The bend is not previewed, even if the option With Bend is checked. However it will be created. The selected options are modal and will be proposed to create the next wall. Walls on edge being contextual features, if you break the profiles continuity by inverting the material side of a wall, you may have to manually re-specify all features based upon the modified one, even if they are not directly connected to the modified wall, in order to update the part afterwards.This is the case when creating a wall on edge from another wall on edge, for example: From an Edge http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0802. htm (4 of 6) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] If you invert the material side of the reference wall on which the first wall on edge has been created, both walls on edge are relocated (as if you were flipping the geometry): If you invert the material side of the first wall on edge (and not the material side of the reference wall), the second wall on edge is relocated. Indeed, its specification being relative to the first wall on edge, when its input data (i. e. he edge selected on the first wall on edge) is modified, the second wall on edge is rebuilt at a new location. 5. Click OK in the Wall On Edge Definition dialog box. A WallOnEd ge. x element is created in the specification tree. A WallOnEdge. x element can be edited: double-click it in the graphic area or in the specification tree to display its creation dialog box and modify the parameters described above, including the edge from which it is created. However, the sketch of a wall on edge cannot be edited directly. Would you need to edit the sketch of a wall on edge, you have to isolate it first. See Isolating Walls.You can cut or copy and paste a wall on edge. If you cut and paste a wall on edge with children elements, these children elements are lost. This may result in update errors. You cannot undo an Isolate action after having modified the wall. Isolating a wall on edge erases all updating data. From an Edge http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0802. htm (5 of 6) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] Extruding This task explains how to create a wall by extrusion. You must have defined the Sheet Metal parameters. A model is available in the Extru de1. CATPart from the samples directory. 1. Click the Extrusion icon . 2.Select a sketch. The Extrusion Definition dialog box is displayed. Several types of extrusion are available: Dimension : the requested input data are a sketch and a dimension, Up to plane or Up to surface: a plane or a surface are input as limit to the extrusion. These functions are used to create walls that are not rectangular. 3. Edit the Length1 and Length2 to set both extremities, for option Dimension. Extruding http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1100. htm (1 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] 4. Define the options as needed: Check the option Mirrored extent to extent the material on both sides of the sketch.In that case, only Length1 can be edited. This option is only available if the type is set to Dimension. Extruding http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1100. htm (2 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] Push Invert Material Side to invert the direction of the creation of the m aterial. 5. Click OK. The walls corresponding to the selected sketch are created according to the specified options, and added to the specification tree. When the extrusion is the first Sheet Metal feature of the Part, the reference wall is the first wall created based on the first segment of the sketch.For option Up to Surface, while the wall end that is limited by the surface has the shape of the surface, its thickness does not fit the surface. It is a â€Å"rectangular† polygon defined by the first edge that comes into contact with the surface. Extruding http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1100. htm (3 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] Check Symmetrical thickness to create thickness inside and outside the sketch. Such an extrusion can also be performed on a sketch made of lines and arcs of circle, provided there are no tangency discontinuities between the different elements. However, in this ase, the Up to plane or Up to surface capabilities are not availab le, and you cannot isolate such an extrusion. Extrusion walls can be edited and/or isolated. The sketch may not be closed. Extruding http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1100. htm (4 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] Isolating Walls This task explains how to isolate a wall. This is possible in two cases: 1. after having created walls by extrusion (see Extruding) 2. after having created a wall on edge (see Creating Walls from an Edge). You must have defined the Sheet Metal parameters. A model is available in the Extrude2. CATPart from the samples directory.Isolating Extruded Walls Right-click the Extrusion. 1 feature and choose the Extrusion. 1 object -; Isolate contextual menu item. 1. The Extrusion Isolate dialog box is displayed. Select one of the wall of the extrusion to be isolated. 2. The selected wall is highlighted in the geometry. This wall is the reference wall, meaning that it can be modified and the other walls will take the modification into account. On th e other hand if the other walls are modified the reference wall is an anchoring wall, and modifications will be made around it. The Extrusion Isolate dialog box is updated. 3. Click OK in the dialog box.The walls of the extrusion have been isolated, each with its own sketch. Yet coincidence constraints are automatically generated between the isolated walls. Isolating Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1701. htm (1 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] The extrusion's initial sketch is retained (Sketch. 1 in the example above). Double-click the sketch of the reference wall (here Sketch. 3) and modify it by increasing its length. 4. Exit the Sketcher using the Exit icon . 5. The Part is updated. You can note that the wall that was adjacent to the pad, now lies on it, as it is the reference wall that was modified.Isolating Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1701. htm (2 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] However, had you modified the sketch of t he wall lying on the pad (Sketch. 4), moving it further away from Wall. 2 as shown here to the right, the updated pad would not take the gap between the walls into account. The resulting part looks like this (Wall. 3 has been modified but still coincides with Wall. 2): Isolating Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1701. htm (3 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] You can then edit its sketch if needed. In the present case, the wall on edge had been created with a end. Therefore when isolating this wall from the reference wall, the bend is created as a separate feature that can be edited as well. The angle value between the two walls is displayed for edition. You cannot undo an Isolate action after having modified the wall. Isolating a wall on edge erases all updating data. Isolating Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1701. htm (4 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:25 PM] Isolating Walls on Edge Right-click the wall on edge and choose the Wall On Edg e contextual menu item. 1. The wall on edge is then changed to a standard wall, as you can see from the specification tree.Creating Rolled Walls This task shows how to create rolled walls (such as pipes, open pipes with flange, etc. ). You must have defined the Sheet Metal parameters, and have a sketch available, in the form of an circular arc. The part is available in the Rolledwall1. CATPart from the samples directory. 1. Click the Extrusion icon . 2. Select the circular sketch. 3. Make sure the type is set to Dimension. Length 1 and Length 2 indicate the location of Limit 1 and Limit 2. 4. 5. Define the options as needed (the length being down to -50 mm): Creating Rolled Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt1000. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:26 PM] Check the option Mirrored extent to extend the material on both sides of the sketch. In that case, only Length1 can be edited. Check Symmetrical thickness to create thickness inside and outside the sketch. Push Invert Material Side to invert the direction of the creation of the material. Click OK in the dialog box to create the rolled wall: 6. Creating Rolled Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1000. htm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:26 PM] The rolled wall is a particular extrusion: he input sketch is either a circular arc or a closed circle, the creation type is always Dimension. The sketch may be open. In that case, you can define where the opening should be. The sketch may be closed. In that case, you have no control on the opening location. The only operations you can combine with a rolled wall in a Sheet Metal model are flanges and cutouts. No other elements (standard wall, bend,†¦ ) are allowed. Creating Rolled Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1000. htm (3 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:26 PM] Creating Bends on WallsThis section explains and illustrates different methods to create bends on walls. Bends can only be created between walls , whether manually or automatically, and not between any other Sheet Metal features, such as stamps for example. Create bends from wall: select the two walls, set the bend radius value, the bend extremities, and specify the use of corner relief Generate bends automatically: select the part, then a reference wall Create conical bends: select the part, and choose a reference wall Create flat bends: select a sketch, set the creation mode and limiting option, set the radius and angle in relation to the selected sketch.Creating Bends http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0210. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:26 PM] Manually Creating Bends from Walls This task explains two ways to create bends between walls in the Sheet Metal part. These bends can be created on non-connex walls, and with a constant radius value. Open the BendExtremities01. CATPart document from the samples directory. 1. Select the Bend icon . The Bend Definition dialog box opens. Note that the Radius field is in gr ay because it is driven by a formula: at that time, you cannot modify the value. Select Wall. 2 and Wall. 5 in the specification tree.The Bend Definition dialog box is updated. 2. Right-click the Radius field: the contextual menu appears. 3. Deactivate the formula: you can now change the value. 4. Enter 4mm for the Radius and click Preview. 5. The bend is previewed, along with its orientation symbolized by arrows. The Left and Right texts further indicate this orientation and are useful to define different bend extremities. Manually Creating Bends from Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0202. htm (1 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:27 PM] 6. Click the More button to display further options: You can define: he left and right extremity settings (see also extremities definition settings) the corner relief definition settings and the bend allowance settings. Within the Left Extremity tab, choose the Mini with round relief bend extremity type, deactivate the L1 and L2 le ngth formulas, and set them to 6mm and 3mm respectively. 7. Click the Right Extremity tab, and choose the Curved shape type. 8. Click Preview to visualize the left and right extremities. 9. Click OK in the Bend Definition dialog box. 10. The Bend is created with the specified extremity types. Manually Creating Bends from Walls ttp://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0202. htm (2 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:27 PM] The extremities and the corner relief defined with the current dialog box will apply locally and prevail over any other global definition. Be careful when creating bends with square or round relief. Depending on the geometry configuration, this can lead to removing more matter than you would expect. Indeed, a corner relief being computed on the whole intersection of the elements involved (bends or bend/wall), in the following configuration the matter is removed till the end of the wall.Bend with no relief Bend with square relief In this case, it is best to replace the bend corner relieves with cutouts (identified in red in the figure below) that will act as corner relieves removing matter to the part. Manually Creating Bends from Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0202. htm (3 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:27 PM] Generating Bends Automatically This task explains how to automatically generate bends between walls in the Sheet Metal part. You can first create all the bends, then modify the parameters for any of the generated bends.However, when an ambiguity arises, that is when more than two bends end on the same vertex, the bends are not automatically generated. You then need to create them manually, so as to explicitly select the walls between which the bends are to be created. Open the BendExtremities01. CATPart document from the samples directory. 1. Select the Automatic Bends icon . The bends are created. Generating Bends Automatically http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0206. htm (1 of 4) [12/7/200 1 5:13:27 PM] Double-click the bend of interest: Bend. 4 The Bend Definition dialog box opens. 2. Right-click the Radius field: the contextual enu appears. 3. Deactivate the formula: you can now change the value. 4. Enter 4mm for the Radius and click Preview. 5. Bend. 4 is modified. 6. Click the More button to display further options: You can re-define: the left and right extremity settings (see also extremities definition settings) the corner relief definition settings and the bend allowance settings. Generating Bends Automatically http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0206. htm (2 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:27 PM] Within the Left Extremity tab, choose the Mini with round relief bend extremity type, deactivate the L1 and L2 length formulas, and set them o 6mm and 3mm respectively. 7. Click the Right Extremity tab, and choose the Curved shape type. 8. 9. Click OK in the Bend Definition dialog box. The bend is modified with the specified options The extremities and the corner relief defined with the current dialog box will apply locally and prevail over any other global definition. Push the more button to display; the extremities definition settings and the corner relief definition settings and the bend allowance settings. Generating Bends Automatically http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0206. htm (3 of 4) [12/7/2001 5:13:27 PM] Creating Conical BendsThis task explains how to generate conical bends between two walls in the Sheet Metal part. These bends are different from the standard bend in that they allow different radius values at each end of the bend. Open the ConicalBend1. CATPart document from the samples directory. Select the Conic Bend icon . The Conic Bend Definition dialog box opens. 1. Select Wall. 1 and Wall. 2 in the specification tree or in the geometry. The Bend Definition dialog box is updated, and arrows are displayed indicating the walls orientation. 2. You can click on the arrow to invert them if needed. Th e LIM1 and LIM2 texts indicate the endpoints for the bend.Enter the radius values for each end of the conical bend. If the difference between the specified radius values does not allow the generation of a cone with an angle greater than 1 degree, a warning is issued prompting you to increase one of the radii. Click OK in the Warning dialog box, and increase/decrease the radius values. 3. Conical Bends http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0204. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:27 PM] By default, Radius 2 is twice Radius 1. 4. Click More†¦ to display further options. 5. Choose the bend extremities: Mini with no relief: the shortest possible bend is created, and presents no reliefCurve shaped: the bend is created keeping the tangency continuity with the support walls. Maximum: the bend is calculated between the furthest opposite edges of the supporting walls. 6. Click OK. The Bend is created. The two walls must be connected by the edge of their internal faces. The Angle field is locked. It indicates the angle value between the two walls between which the bend is computed. Conical Bends http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0204. htm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:27 PM] Should you choose the Curve shaped extremity option, the bend would look like this:Conical Bends http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0204. htm (3 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:27 PM] Creating Bends From a Line This task explains how to generate bends based on a line (also called flat bends) in the Sheet Metal part. A wall and a bend are created. Open the FlatBend1. CATPart document from the samples directory. Select the reference wall then the Bend From Flat icon . 1. The Bend From Flat Definition dialog box opens. Select a sketch (Sketch. 3 here). This sketch must necessarily be a line. 2. 3. You can choose the line extrapolation option: he line is extrapolated up to the wall edge (Bend From Flat Until) the line is not extrapolated, and the bend is l imited to the line's length (Bend From Flat Length) Set the bend radius value. You may need to deactivate the formula using the Formula -; Deactivate contextual menu on the Radius field. 4. 5. Set the angle value between the generated wall and the reference wall. 6. Click OK to create the bend. Bends From Line http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0205. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:28 PM] When creating such a bend on a reference wall (first wall), an arrow indicates which part is to be folded.Click this arrow to invert the side that will be bent. Such bends cannot be created, if the section to be folded already intersects the part. Bends from line should be performed on end walls, or prior to creating further walls on the bent one. Perform the bend before creating the stamping features, as stamps are not retained when the part is folded with the bend. Bends From Line http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0205. htm (2 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:28 PM] Creating Swept Walls This section explains and illustrates how to create and use various kinds of swept walls, i. e. alls based on a given contour that is swept along a spine. Create a flange: select a spine, and set the radius, length, and angle values. Create a hem: select a spine, and set the radius, and length values. Create a tear drop: select a spine, and set the radius, and length values. Create a swept flange: select a spine, and a user-defined profile Redefine swept walls limits: choose the Relimited type, and select a point lying on the spine or a plane normal to the spine and intersecting it as limits Display swept walls axes in drafting sheets: open a CATDrawing document, click the Unfolded View icon, and select a planeSelecting the Spine Whatever the type of the swept wall you wish to create, you first need to select one or more contiguous edges to make up the spine along which the contour, either pre- or user-defined, is to be swept. You can: manually select one, or m ore, edge(s) Selection without propagation Resulting flange without propagation select one edge and click the Tangency Propagation button: all contiguous and tangent edges are selected. In this case, would you need to remove one edge, you need to manually select it. Remember that only extremity edges can be removed without breaking the continuity between edges.Creating Swept Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0600. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:28 PM] Selection with propagation Resulting flange with propagation Creating Swept Walls http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0600. htm (2 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:28 PM] Creating a Flange This task explains how to generate a flange from a spine and a profile. Open the SweptWall01. CATPart document from the samples directory. 1. Select the Flange icon . The Flange Definition dialog box opens. 2. Select the edge as shown in red. Creating a Flange http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheug bt0601. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:28 PM] Enter 2mm in the Radius field, 10mm in the Length field and 120 ° for the Angle. 3. Click the More button to display the Bend Allowance tab allowing you to locally redefine the bend allowance settings. You may need to deactivate the formula using the contextual menu on the field and choosing Formula -; Deactivate before editing the value. 4. In this case, the new K Factor value overrides the value set in the Sheet Metal Parameters. 5. Click OK to create the flange. Creating a Flange http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0601. tm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:28 PM] The feature is added to the specification tree. Use the Tangency Propagation button to select all tangentially contiguous edges forming the spine (see Selecting the Spine). You can redefine the flange limits by choosing the Relimited option (see Redefining Swept Walls Limits). Creating a Flange http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0601. htm (3 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:28 PM] Creating a Hem This task explains how to generate a hem from a spine and a profile. The SweptWall01. CATPart document is still open from the previous task. If not, open the SweptWall02.CATPart document from the samples directory. Select the Hem icon in the Swept Walls sub-toolbar. 1. The Hem Definition dialog box opens. 2. Select the edges as shown in red. Creating a Hem http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0602. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:29 PM] Enter 2mm in the Radius field, and 3mm in the Length field. 3. Click the More button to display the Bend Allowance tab allowing you to locally redefine the bend allowance settings. You may need to deactivate the formula using the contextual menu on the field and choosing Formula -; Deactivate before editing the value. 4.In this case, the new K Factor value overrides the value set in the Sheet Metal Parameters. 5. Click OK to create the hem. Creating a Hem http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish /sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0602. htm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:29 PM] The feature is added to the specification tree. Use the Tangency Propagation button to select all tangentially contiguous edges forming the spine (see Selecting the Spine). You can redefine the hem limits by choosing the Relimited option (see Redefining Swept Walls Limits). Creating a Hem http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0602. htm (3 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:29 PM] Creating a Tear DropThis task explains how to generate a tear drop from a spine and a profile. The SweptWall01. CATPart document is still open from the previous task. If not, open the SweptWall03. CATPart document from the samples directory. Select the Tear Drop icon in the Swept Walls sub-toolbar. 1. The Tear Drop Definition dialog box opens. 2. Select the edge as shown in red. Creating a Tear Drop http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0603. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:29 PM] Enter 3mm in the Radius field, and 8mm in the Length field. 3. Click the More button to display the Bend Allowance tab allowing you to ocally redefine the bend allowance settings. You may need to deactivate the formula using the contextual menu on the field and choosing Formula -; Deactivate before editing the value. 4. In this case, the new K Factor value overrides the value set in the Sheet Metal Parameters. 5. Click OK to create the tear drop. Creating a Tear Drop http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0603. htm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:29 PM] The feature is added to the specification tree. Use the Tangency Propagation button to select all tangentially contiguous edges forming the spine (see Selecting the Spine).You can redefine the tear drop limits by choosing the Relimited option (see Redefining Swept Walls Limits). Creating a Tear Drop http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0603. htm (3 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:29 PM] Creating a Swept Flange This task explains how to generate a swept flange from a spine and a user-defined profile. The SweptWall01. CATPart document is still open from the previous task. If not, open the SweptWall04. CATPart document from the samples directory. 1. Using the Sketcher , define a profile in the yz plane as shown below: Then quit the Sketcher, using the Exit iconSelect the Swept Flange icon in the Swept Walls sub-toolbar. 2. The User Defined Flange Definition dialog box opens. 3. Select the edge and the profile, as shown in red. Creating a Swept Flange http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0604. htm (1 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:29 PM] The dialog box looks like this: Click the More button to display the Bend Allowance tab allowing you to locally redefine the bend allowance settings. You may need to deactivate the formula using the contextual menu on the field and choosing Formula -; Deactivate before editing the value. 4.In this case, the new K Factor value overrides the value set in the Sheet Metal Parameters. 5. Click O K to create the swept flange. Creating a Swept Flange http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0604. htm (2 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:29 PM] The feature is added in the specification tree. Use the Tangency Propagation button to select all tangentially contiguous edges forming the spine (see Selecting the Spine). You can redefine the tear drop limits by choosing the Relimited option (see Redefining Swept Walls Limits). Creating a Swept Flange http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0604. tm (3 of 3) [12/7/2001 5:13:29 PM] Redefining Swept Wall Limits This task explains how to redefine the spine's limits when creating any type of swept walls, using existing geometric elements: points lying on the spine or intersecting planes.. Open the SweptWall01. CATPart document. 1. Select the Flange icon . The Flange Definition dialog box opens. Using the combo list, choose the Relimited type. 2. The Flange Definition dialog box is updated and now displays two Limit fi elds. Select the spine. Here we select a single edge. See also Selecting the Spine. 3. Redefining Swept Walls Limits http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt0606. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:30 PM] Successively select the two limiting elements. Here we select a point lying on the spine as the first selecting element, and a plane intersecting the spine as the second limiting element. 4. Make sure intersecting elements are normal to the spine, and they intersect it only once. Specify the swept wall values. In the example of the flange you set the Radius, Length and Angle values. You may also click More >> to display further options. See Creating a Flange. 5. 6. Click OK. The swept wall is created within the limits on the spine. Redefining Swept Walls Limits ttp://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0606. htm (2 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:30 PM] Displaying Swept Wall Axes This task explains how to generate an unfolded view of a part with swept wall in a drawin g sheet including the axes of planar hems, tear drops, and flanges are displayed within the drawing. The SweptWall01. CATPart document is still open from the previous task. If not, open the SweptWall05. CATPart document from the samples directory. Make sure that the Generate axis button is checked in the Tools -> Options -> Mechanical Design -> Drafting -> Generation tab, prior to generating a view in a .CATDrawing document. 1. Click or select File -> New†¦ 2. Select the Drawing type and click OK. 3. Click OK. For more information about this workbench, refer to Generative Drafting User's Guide. Displaying Swept Walls Axes http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0605. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:30 PM] 4. The drawing sheet appears. Tile the windows horizontally using the Window -; Tile Horizontally menu item. 5. Select the Unfolded View icon in the Projections toolbar from Generative Drafting Workbench. 6. This icon is added to the Projections toolbar provided the Sheet Metal workbench is present.Choose the xy plane in the Sheet Metal specification tree. The unfolded view is displayed with the planar swept wall axes. 7. Displaying Swept Walls Axes http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt0605. htm (2 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:30 PM] Unfolding Unfolded Sheet Metal parts can be displayed in two ways: Folded/Unfolded View Access Concurrent Access Each Sheet Metal feature is created in a given view: folded, or unfolded. Editing a feature must be done in its definition view. If not, a message is automatically issued, prompting you to change views, before editing the feature. Unfolding http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. oc/src/sheugbt1200. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:30 PM] Folded/Unfolded View Access This task shows how to unfold the part. 1. Click the Unfold icon . The part is unfolded according to the reference wall plane, as shown below. 2. Click this icon again to refold the part for the next task. Bend limits and stamping are n ow displayed in the unfolded view. When designing in context, If a CATProduct document contains several SheetMetal parts, only one part can be visualized in the unfolded view at a time. Folded/Unfolded View Access http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1201. htm [12/7/2001 5:13:30 PM] Concurrent AccessThis task explains how to display the Sheet Metal part in two windows: one with the folded view, one with the unfolded view. Any modification in one window is displayed in the other window. 1. Click the Multi-view icon . The part is unfolded in a second window. 2. Choose the Window -; Tile Horizontally menu item. Both windows are tiled. Activate the window in which you want to work. Concurrent Access http://arbredsy/FmoCXR8/SheEnglish/sheug. doc/src/sheugbt1202. htm (1 of 2) [12/7/2001 5:13:30 PM] Any modification in one view is taken into account in the other view enabling the user to make modifications in the best possible context.In the multi-view mode as in the st andard unfolded view, all constraints are displayed in the geometrical views. Once in the Multi-view mode, the standard icon Unfold is not longer available. The Multi-view function is not available from a standard unfolded view. Only parts with bends can be unfolded. Cutting faces and open faces are not displayed in Multi-view mode. Concurrent Access